ci: bump hosted runners to ubuntu-24.04

GitHub is retiring ubuntu-22.04; move all 94 runs-on pins across 40 workflows to ubuntu-24.04. rust_binaries_release: the arm64 cross step was jammy-era — noble keeps apt sources in deb822 ubuntu.sources (the sources.list edit was a silent no-op that left amd64 repos open to arm64 and 404'd) and ports suites must say noble. Pin deb822 stanzas to amd64 and add noble ports entries.

.github/workflows/master-cold-start-tests.yml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   master-cold-start-tests:
     name: Master Cold Start Tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
       - name: Check out code