* fix(volume): keep the TTL clock across a vacuum commit instead of rescanning CommitCompact reloads the swapped files while holding dataFileAccessLock, and for a vacuumed TTL volume that reload re-derived lastModifiedTsSeconds by reading every live needle's append timestamp from the .dat: two random reads per needle, with every read of the volume blocked behind them. The in-memory clock is already current at that point. Every write since the volume loaded moved it, and makeupDiff only replays writes that went through that path. Carry it across the reload instead. This also stops an over-budget scan from falling back to the new .dat's mtime and restarting an expiring volume's TTL at the commit. * volume: carry the append watermark as the TTL clock across a vacuum commit The running append watermark is the clock the reload's recovery scan recomputes, so the commit can keep it directly. Client-supplied needle modified times can run ahead of or behind the append time; keeping lastModifiedTsSeconds itself would let a forged or stale timestamp move expiry through a vacuum, where the scan it replaces used server-side append timestamps. * storage: test that a vacuum commit keeps the append clock A write's client supplied modified time can lie ahead of or behind its append time; the commit must land the TTL clock on the append watermark, the same value the recovery scan would have recomputed. * volume: carry the append watermark as the TTL clock across a vacuum commit Mirrors the Go volume server: the running append watermark is the clock the reload's recovery scan recomputes, so the commit keeps it instead of rescanning live needles under the write lock. * volume: commit carries the last-write append time, not the latest append lastAppendAtNs counts tombstone appends and is reseeded from the .dat tail at every load, so it can sit ahead of the last write -- a delete freshens the commit clock -- or behind it: a restarted vacuumed volume's tail needle is not its newest write, and the commit would move the TTL clock backward into premature expiry. Track lastWriteAppendAtNs instead, bumped only on needle appends and seeded by the recovery scan, so the commit lands the clock on the same live-write maximum the rescan would have recomputed. * volume: rescan at commit when the newest write was deleted lastWriteAppendAtNs can hold a write the index no longer holds, so carrying it extends the TTL clock past what recovery over the compacted index would compute. Remember the key behind the watermark so its tombstone or index rollback can send the reload back through recoverLastModifiedTs, landing on the newest surviving write. * volume: a tombstone retires the write rows beneath it in the last-write scan A needle deleted after the compaction copy leaves its write row followed by a tombstone in the committed index. The reverse scan skipped the tombstone row but then counted the dead write, reseeding the watermark and flag as if it were alive. Track keys whose latest row is a tombstone so their earlier write rows stop counting, and exercise the delete-inside-the-commit-window ordering in the tests. --------- Co-authored-by: Chris Lu <chrislusf@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Chris Lu <chris.lu@gmail.com>
SeaweedFS Volume Server (Rust)
A drop-in replacement for the SeaweedFS Go volume server, rewritten in Rust. It uses binary-compatible storage formats (.dat, .idx, .vif) and speaks the same HTTP and gRPC protocols, so it works with an unmodified Go master server.
Building
Requires Rust 1.91.1+ (2024 edition), matching rust-version in Cargo.toml.
The patch release matters: 1.91.0 does not build. The edition itself only needs
1.85; the higher floor comes from the dependency tree — chiefly the AWS SDK — so
it moves with those crates. CI builds on the latest stable.
cd seaweed-volume
cargo build --release
The binary is produced at target/release/seaweed-volume.
Running
Start a Go master server first, then point the Rust volume server at it:
# Minimal
seaweed-volume --port 8080 --master localhost:9333 --dir /data/vol1 --max 7
# Multiple data directories
seaweed-volume --port 8080 --master localhost:9333 \
--dir /mnt/ssd1,/mnt/ssd2 --max 100,100 --disk ssd
# With datacenter/rack topology
seaweed-volume --port 8080 --master localhost:9333 --dir /data/vol1 --max 7 \
--dataCenter dc1 --rack rack1
# With JWT authentication
seaweed-volume --port 8080 --master localhost:9333 --dir /data/vol1 --max 7 \
--securityFile /etc/seaweedfs/security.toml
# With TLS (configured in security.toml via [https.volume] and [grpc.volume] sections)
seaweed-volume --port 8080 --master localhost:9333 --dir /data/vol1 --max 7 \
--securityFile /etc/seaweedfs/security.toml
Common flags
| Flag | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
--port |
8080 |
HTTP listen port |
--port.grpc |
port+10000 |
gRPC listen port |
--master |
localhost:9333 |
Comma-separated master server addresses |
--dir |
/tmp |
Comma-separated data directories |
--max |
8 |
Max volumes per directory (comma-separated) |
--ip |
auto-detect | Server IP / identifier |
--ip.bind |
same as --ip |
Bind address |
--dataCenter |
Datacenter name | |
--rack |
Rack name | |
--disk |
Disk type tag: hdd, ssd, or custom |
|
--index |
memory |
Needle map type: memory, leveldb, leveldbMedium, leveldbLarge |
--readMode |
proxy |
Non-local read mode: local, proxy, redirect |
--fileSizeLimitMB |
256 |
Max upload file size |
--minFreeSpace |
1 (percent) |
Min free disk space before marking volumes read-only |
--securityFile |
Path to security.toml for JWT keys and TLS certs |
|
--metricsPort |
0 (disabled) |
Prometheus metrics endpoint port |
--whiteList |
Comma-separated IPs with write permission | |
--preStopSeconds |
10 |
Graceful drain period before shutdown |
--compactionMBps |
0 (unlimited) |
Compaction I/O rate limit |
--pprof |
false |
Enable pprof HTTP handlers |
Set RUST_LOG=debug (or trace, info, warn) for log level control.
Set SEAWEED_WRITE_QUEUE=1 to enable batched async write processing.
Features
- Binary compatible -- reads and writes the same
.dat/.idx/.viffiles as the Go server; seamless migration with no data conversion. - HTTP + gRPC -- full implementation of the volume server HTTP API and all gRPC RPCs including streaming operations (copy, tail, incremental copy, vacuum).
- Master heartbeat -- bidirectional streaming heartbeat with the Go master server; volume and EC shard registration, leader failover, graceful shutdown deregistration.
- JWT authentication -- signing key configuration via
security.tomlwith token source precedence (query > header > cookie), file_id claims validation, and separate read/write keys. - TLS -- HTTPS for the HTTP API and mTLS for gRPC, configured through
security.toml. - Erasure coding -- Reed-Solomon EC shard management: mount/unmount, read, rebuild, copy, delete, and shard-to-volume reconstruction.
- S3 remote storage --
FetchAndWriteNeedlereads from any S3-compatible backend (AWS, MinIO, Wasabi, Backblaze, etc.) and writes locally. SupportsVolumeTierMoveDatToRemote/FromRemotefor tiered storage. - Needle map backends -- in-memory HashMap, LevelDB (via
rusty-leveldb), or redb (pure Rust disk-backed) needle maps. - Image processing -- on-the-fly resize/crop, JPEG EXIF orientation auto-fix, WebP support.
- Streaming reads -- large files (>1MB) are streamed via
spawn_blockingto avoid blocking the async runtime. - Auto-compression -- compressible file types (text, JSON, CSS, JS, SVG, etc.) are gzip-compressed on upload.
- Prometheus metrics -- counters, histograms, and gauges exported at a dedicated metrics port; optional push gateway support.
- Graceful shutdown -- SIGINT/SIGTERM handling with configurable
preStopSecondsdrain period.
Testing
Rust unit tests
cd seaweed-volume
cargo test
Go integration tests
The Go test suite can target either the Go or Rust volume server via the VOLUME_SERVER_IMPL environment variable:
# Run all HTTP + gRPC integration tests against the Rust server
VOLUME_SERVER_IMPL=rust go test -v -count=1 -timeout 1200s \
./test/volume_server/grpc/... ./test/volume_server/http/...
# Run a single test
VOLUME_SERVER_IMPL=rust go test -v -count=1 -timeout 60s \
-run "TestName" ./test/volume_server/http/...
# Run S3 remote storage tests
VOLUME_SERVER_IMPL=rust go test -v -count=1 -timeout 180s \
-run "TestFetchAndWriteNeedle" ./test/volume_server/grpc/...
Load testing
A load test harness is available at test/volume_server/loadtest/. See that directory for usage instructions and scenarios.
Architecture
The server runs three listeners concurrently:
- HTTP (Axum 0.7) -- admin and public routers for file upload/download, status, and stats endpoints.
- gRPC (Tonic 0.12) -- all
VolumeServerRPCs from the SeaweedFS protobuf definition. - Metrics (optional) -- Prometheus scrape endpoint on a separate port.
Key source modules:
| Path | Description |
|---|---|
src/main.rs |
Entry point, server startup, signal handling |
src/config.rs |
CLI parsing and configuration resolution |
src/server/volume_server.rs |
HTTP router setup and middleware |
src/server/handlers.rs |
HTTP request handlers (read, write, delete, status) |
src/server/grpc_server.rs |
gRPC service implementation |
src/server/heartbeat.rs |
Master heartbeat loop |
src/storage/volume.rs |
Volume read/write/delete logic |
src/storage/needle.rs |
Needle (file entry) serialization |
src/storage/store.rs |
Multi-volume store management |
src/security.rs |
JWT validation and IP whitelist guard |
src/remote_storage/ |
S3 remote storage backend |
See DEV_PLAN.md for the full development history and feature checklist.