seaweedfs/seaweed-volume

SeaweedFS Volume Server (Rust)

A drop-in replacement for the SeaweedFS Go volume server, rewritten in Rust. It uses binary-compatible storage formats (.dat, .idx, .vif) and speaks the same HTTP and gRPC protocols, so it works with an unmodified Go master server.

Building

Requires Rust 1.75+ (2021 edition).

cd seaweed-volume
cargo build --release

The binary is produced at target/release/seaweed-volume.

Running

Start a Go master server first, then point the Rust volume server at it:

# Minimal
seaweed-volume --port 8080 --master localhost:9333 --dir /data/vol1 --max 7

# Multiple data directories
seaweed-volume --port 8080 --master localhost:9333 \
  --dir /mnt/ssd1,/mnt/ssd2 --max 100,100 --disk ssd

# With datacenter/rack topology
seaweed-volume --port 8080 --master localhost:9333 --dir /data/vol1 --max 7 \
  --dataCenter dc1 --rack rack1

# With JWT authentication
seaweed-volume --port 8080 --master localhost:9333 --dir /data/vol1 --max 7 \
  --securityFile /etc/seaweedfs/security.toml

# With TLS (configured in security.toml via [https.volume] and [grpc.volume] sections)
seaweed-volume --port 8080 --master localhost:9333 --dir /data/vol1 --max 7 \
  --securityFile /etc/seaweedfs/security.toml

Common flags

Flag	Default	Description
--port	8080	HTTP listen port
--port.grpc	port+10000	gRPC listen port
--master	localhost:9333	Comma-separated master server addresses
--dir	/tmp	Comma-separated data directories
--max	8	Max volumes per directory (comma-separated)
--ip	auto-detect	Server IP / identifier
--ip.bind	same as --ip	Bind address
--dataCenter		Datacenter name
--rack		Rack name
--disk		Disk type tag: hdd, ssd, or custom
--index	memory	Needle map type: memory, leveldb, leveldbMedium, leveldbLarge
--readMode	proxy	Non-local read mode: local, proxy, redirect
--fileSizeLimitMB	256	Max upload file size
--minFreeSpace	1 (percent)	Min free disk space before marking volumes read-only
--securityFile		Path to security.toml for JWT keys and TLS certs
--metricsPort	0 (disabled)	Prometheus metrics endpoint port
--whiteList		Comma-separated IPs with write permission
--preStopSeconds	10	Graceful drain period before shutdown
--compactionMBps	0 (unlimited)	Compaction I/O rate limit
--pprof	false	Enable pprof HTTP handlers

Set RUST_LOG=debug (or trace, info, warn) for log level control. Set SEAWEED_WRITE_QUEUE=1 to enable batched async write processing.

Features

• Binary compatible -- reads and writes the same .dat/.idx/.vif files as the Go server; seamless migration with no data conversion.
• HTTP + gRPC -- full implementation of the volume server HTTP API and all gRPC RPCs including streaming operations (copy, tail, incremental copy, vacuum).
• Master heartbeat -- bidirectional streaming heartbeat with the Go master server; volume and EC shard registration, leader failover, graceful shutdown deregistration.
• JWT authentication -- signing key configuration via security.toml with token source precedence (query > header > cookie), file_id claims validation, and separate read/write keys.
• TLS -- HTTPS for the HTTP API and mTLS for gRPC, configured through security.toml.
• Erasure coding -- Reed-Solomon EC shard management: mount/unmount, read, rebuild, copy, delete, and shard-to-volume reconstruction.
• S3 remote storage -- FetchAndWriteNeedle reads from any S3-compatible backend (AWS, MinIO, Wasabi, Backblaze, etc.) and writes locally. Supports VolumeTierMoveDatToRemote/FromRemote for tiered storage.
• Needle map backends -- in-memory HashMap, LevelDB (via rusty-leveldb), or redb (pure Rust disk-backed) needle maps.
• Image processing -- on-the-fly resize/crop, JPEG EXIF orientation auto-fix, WebP support.
• Streaming reads -- large files (>1MB) are streamed via spawn_blocking to avoid blocking the async runtime.
• Auto-compression -- compressible file types (text, JSON, CSS, JS, SVG, etc.) are gzip-compressed on upload.
• Prometheus metrics -- counters, histograms, and gauges exported at a dedicated metrics port; optional push gateway support.
• Graceful shutdown -- SIGINT/SIGTERM handling with configurable preStopSeconds drain period.

Testing

Rust unit tests

cd seaweed-volume
cargo test

Go integration tests

The Go test suite can target either the Go or Rust volume server via the VOLUME_SERVER_IMPL environment variable:

# Run all HTTP + gRPC integration tests against the Rust server
VOLUME_SERVER_IMPL=rust go test -v -count=1 -timeout 1200s \
  ./test/volume_server/grpc/... ./test/volume_server/http/...

# Run a single test
VOLUME_SERVER_IMPL=rust go test -v -count=1 -timeout 60s \
  -run "TestName" ./test/volume_server/http/...

# Run S3 remote storage tests
VOLUME_SERVER_IMPL=rust go test -v -count=1 -timeout 180s \
  -run "TestFetchAndWriteNeedle" ./test/volume_server/grpc/...

Load testing

A load test harness is available at test/volume_server/loadtest/. See that directory for usage instructions and scenarios.

Architecture

The server runs three listeners concurrently:

• HTTP (Axum 0.7) -- admin and public routers for file upload/download, status, and stats endpoints.
• gRPC (Tonic 0.12) -- all VolumeServer RPCs from the SeaweedFS protobuf definition.
• Metrics (optional) -- Prometheus scrape endpoint on a separate port.

Key source modules:

Path	Description
src/main.rs	Entry point, server startup, signal handling
src/config.rs	CLI parsing and configuration resolution
src/server/volume_server.rs	HTTP router setup and middleware
src/server/handlers.rs	HTTP request handlers (read, write, delete, status)
src/server/grpc_server.rs	gRPC service implementation
src/server/heartbeat.rs	Master heartbeat loop
src/storage/volume.rs	Volume read/write/delete logic
src/storage/needle.rs	Needle (file entry) serialization
src/storage/store.rs	Multi-volume store management
src/security.rs	JWT validation and IP whitelist guard
src/remote_storage/	S3 remote storage backend

See DEV_PLAN.md for the full development history and feature checklist.