Phase 5: federation

Implements PLAN.md Phase 5: the Server-Server API. Warp joins rooms on
other servers and lets their users join its rooms, invites across servers
with the invitee's server countersigning, rejects remote invites (locally
if the inviter is unreachable), and exchanges events, typing, receipts and
to-device messages with other homeservers — all behind the runtime switch,
which now starts and stops real outbound traffic.

The protocol lives in internal/federation with no knowledge of rooms:
X-Matrix signing (fuzzed parser), the spec's discovery algorithm keeping
the dial address and the TLS name apart, a signed client that refuses
every request while the switch is off or the policy denies the
destination, and a key ring that caches other servers' keys for at most a
week, with optional notaries.

The roomserver takes events from elsewhere through the spec's intake:
signatures and hashes (a hash mismatch keeps the redacted form), the rules
against the event's own auth events, against the state before it — with
/get_missing_events for small gaps and /state_ids for wide ones — and
against the current state, where a failure is a soft failure. Events held
without their state are outliers: a column on roomserver_events, because
the current state of a room joined over federation is almost all
outliers, and excluded from every timeline query. Forks are resolved at
the room's head. Membership across servers is make_join/send_join,
make_leave/send_leave and countersigned invites, in both directions;
m.room.server_acl is enforced on everything another server sends.
History before a remote join is backfilled when /messages pages past it,
stored at negative stream positions.

internal/federationapi is the running component: the inbound endpoints,
and an outbound queue that persists what it owes each destination, sends
it in transactions of 50 PDUs and 100 EDUs, backs off from ten seconds to
six hours, survives restarts, and drops events persisted while federation
is off rather than delivering a backlog in one burst. Its Module is what
the switch starts and stops.

Also: a TLS listener for port 8448, trusted key servers, key validity and
an outbound CA bundle in the config; per-destination health and backoff
reset in the admin API; remote profiles, aliases and directories in the
Client-Server API; a Complement federation profile. See
docs/federation.md, including its known gaps (no partial-state joins, no
key rotation).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

server/internal/syncapi/todevice.go

@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ type SendToDeviceRequest struct {
 
 // SendToDevice queues messages for delivery.
 //
-// A message to a user of another server is dropped rather than refused.
-// That is deliberate: a client encrypting for a room with remote members
-// sends one message per device in one request, and failing the request
-// because federation is off would stop it from delivering to the local
-// devices as well. The dropped recipients simply never see the key and
-// their client reports an undecryptable message, which is what they would
-// see anyway. Phase 5 routes them.
+// A message to a user of another server goes to the federation queue. With
+// federation off it is dropped rather than refused. That is deliberate: a
+// client encrypting for a room with remote members sends one message per
+// device in one request, and failing the request because federation is
+// off would stop it from delivering to the local devices as well. The
+// dropped recipients simply never see the key and their client reports an
+// undecryptable message, which is what they would see anyway.
 func (s *API) SendToDevice(ctx context.Context, req SendToDeviceRequest) error {
 	if req.EventType == "" {
 		return errInvalidParamf("an event type is required")
@@ -48,11 +48,19 @@ func (s *API) SendToDevice(ctx context.Context, req SendToDeviceRequest) error {
 	var (
 		queued []storage.NewToDeviceMessage
 		woken  []string
+		remote = map[string]map[string]json.RawMessage{}
 		sentAt = s.nowMS()
 	)
 	for userID, byDevice := range req.Messages {
 		localpart, ok := s.localpartOf(userID)
 		if !ok {
+			// A remote recipient goes to the federation queue when there
+			// is one and the sender is ours; a remote sender's message to
+			// a remote user is not this server's to forward.
+			if s.outbound != nil && s.isLocal(req.Sender) {
+				remote[userID] = byDevice
+				continue
+			}
 			s.log.Debug("dropping a to-device message for a remote user",
 				"sender", req.Sender, "recipient", userID)
 			continue
@@ -95,6 +103,9 @@ func (s *API) SendToDevice(ctx context.Context, req SendToDeviceRequest) error {
 		woken = append(woken, userID)
 	}
 
+	if len(remote) > 0 {
+		s.outbound.ToDevice(ctx, req.Sender, req.EventType, remote)
+	}
 	if len(queued) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}