Phase 7: E2EE support

Implements PLAN.md Phase 7: the server half of end-to-end encryption.
Devices upload identity, one-time and fallback keys; other devices query
and claim them, across servers too, and every one-time key is handed out
exactly once. Cross-signing, signature uploads, device list tracking and
server-side key backup complete the set.

internal/keyserver is the component. Keys are stored in canonical JSON
so that re-uploading the same key is a byte comparison, and signatures
uploaded later are kept apart from the key they sign and merged in on
read, so a key's own JSON stays what its owner uploaded. Device keys must
be for the caller's own device; cross-signing keys must be the
uploader's, carry the right usage and, for self- and user-signing keys,
be signed by the master key. Signatures are verified against the key as
stored. Replacing a master key asks for the password; a first upload or
an upload of the keys already stored does not, as the spec allows. A
signature of another user's master key is shown only to the user who
made it and never federated.

Every write that changes what /keys/query answers moves the device list
stream in the same transaction, one position per device, and wakes the
syncs of everyone sharing a room. The stream is the sixth field of a sync
token; older tokens still parse. The syncapi works out device_lists
changed and left from the stream and from membership moves in the
window, skipping invites and knocks, and reports
device_one_time_keys_count and device_unused_fallback_key_types, the
latter as [] when empty. GET /keys/changes uses the same logic.

Over federation: /user/keys/query, /user/keys/claim and
/user/devices/{userId}, and m.device_list_update and m.signing_key_update
both ways. Remote keys are not cached; an update about a remote user
sharing a room moves them in the stream so local clients re-query.
Device display names are not sent to other servers. With federation off,
remote users are reported in failures at once.

Deleting a device deletes its keys, through a new userapi
DeviceObserver. Key backup keeps the better copy of each session by the
spec's rule, never reuses a deleted version's number, and answers writes
to a stale version with M_WRONG_ROOM_KEYS_VERSION.

Storage is migration 0008 for sqlite and postgres, with a PocketBase
stub. The Complement target sets gain the key, device list, fallback,
cross-signing and backup tests.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

server/internal/storage/postgres/migrations/0008_keyserver.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+-- The keyserver: what end-to-end encryption needs the server to hold for
+-- its users' devices, none of which it can read or use itself.
+--
+-- Users are full user IDs throughout, not localparts. Most of what is here
+-- is about local devices, but signatures can be of other servers' users'
+-- keys, and the device list stream records their changes too: a local
+-- client sharing a room with a remote user has to be told when that user's
+-- keys move, and the stream is how a sync finds out.
+
+-- The counter of the device list stream. It is the keyserver's own table
+-- for the same reason every component has one, and the sync store reads it
+-- next to its own counters so that a sync token names one moment in all of
+-- them.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS keyserver_sequences (
+    name  TEXT   NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    value BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+INSERT INTO keyserver_sequences (name, value) VALUES ('device_list', 0) ON CONFLICT (name) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- A device's identity keys: its curve25519 and ed25519 keys, signed by the
+-- ed25519 one, exactly as the device uploaded them.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS keyserver_device_keys (
+    user_id   TEXT NOT NULL,
+    device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    key_json  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, device_id)
+);
+
+-- One-time keys. A row is deleted the moment it is claimed: each key is
+-- used for exactly one Olm session, and handing it out twice would let two
+-- senders set up sessions the device can only tell apart by luck.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS keyserver_one_time_keys (
+    user_id   TEXT NOT NULL,
+    device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- "algorithm:id", as the key is named in the upload.
+    key_id    TEXT NOT NULL,
+    algorithm TEXT NOT NULL,
+    key_json  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, device_id, key_id)
+);
+
+-- Counting a device's keys by algorithm, and claiming the oldest.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS keyserver_one_time_keys_algorithm_idx
+    ON keyserver_one_time_keys (user_id, device_id, algorithm);
+
+-- Fallback keys: one per algorithm per device, handed out when the
+-- one-time keys have run out. Unlike a one-time key it survives being
+-- claimed, marked used, until the device uploads a new one.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS keyserver_fallback_keys (
+    user_id   TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    device_id TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    algorithm TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    key_id    TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    key_json  TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    used      BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
+    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, device_id, algorithm)
+);
+
+-- Cross-signing keys: a user's master, self-signing and user-signing keys.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS keyserver_cross_signing_keys (
+    user_id  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- master, self_signing or user_signing.
+    purpose  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    key_json TEXT NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, purpose)
+);
+
+-- Signatures uploaded after the key they sign, through
+-- /keys/signatures/upload. They are merged into the key when it is read
+-- rather than written into it, so the key's own JSON stays what its owner
+-- uploaded.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS keyserver_signatures (
+    target_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- A device ID, or a cross-signing key's public key.
+    target_key_id  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    signer_user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    -- "ed25519:" and the signing key's ID.
+    signer_key_id  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    signature      TEXT NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY (target_user_id, target_key_id, signer_user_id, signer_key_id)
+);
+
+-- The device list stream: each user's latest position, local and remote.
+-- Only the latest is kept, as for presence: a sync asks whose list moved
+-- after its token, and the history of the moves does not answer that any
+-- better.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS keyserver_device_lists (
+    user_id    TEXT   NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    stream_pos BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS keyserver_device_lists_stream_idx
+    ON keyserver_device_lists (stream_pos);
+
+-- Server-side key backup versions. A deleted version keeps its row, so
+-- that its number is never handed out again: a client still holding the
+-- old version number must not find itself writing into a new backup that
+-- is encrypted to a different key.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS keyserver_backup_versions (
+    user_id   TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    version   BIGINT  NOT NULL,
+    algorithm TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    auth_data TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    -- Bumped whenever a key in the version changes.
+    etag      BIGINT  NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    deleted   BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
+    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, version)
+);
+
+-- The backed-up room keys, one per Megolm session.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS keyserver_backup_keys (
+    user_id             TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    version             BIGINT  NOT NULL,
+    room_id             TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    session_id          TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    first_message_index BIGINT  NOT NULL,
+    forwarded_count     BIGINT  NOT NULL,
+    is_verified         BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
+    session_data        TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, version, room_id, session_id)
+);